The World Factbook / Справочник по странам мира (Мировая книга фактов)

Poisk ◦ Search

  Slovakia  
Flag of Slovakia
Click to enlarge
Categories Banner
 Introduction
 Geography
 People
 Government
 Economy
 Communications
 Transportation
 Military
 Transnational Issues
Home  Reference Maps  Appendixes  Print-Friendly Page

This page was last updated on 19 September, 2006


Map of Slovakia



Legend: DefinitionDefinition Field ListingField Listing Rank OrderRank Order
   Introduction    Slovakia Top of Page
Background:
Definition Field Listing
The dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the close of World War I allowed the Slovaks to join the closely related Czechs to form Czechoslovakia. Following the chaos of World War II, Czechoslovakia became a Communist nation within Soviet-ruled Eastern Europe. Soviet influence collapsed in 1989 and Czechoslovakia once more became free. The Slovaks and the Czechs agreed to separate peacefully on 1 January 1993. Slovakia joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004.
   Geography    Slovakia Top of Page
Location:
Definition Field Listing
Central Europe, south of Poland
Geographic coordinates:
Definition Field Listing
48 40 N, 19 30 E
Map references:
Definition Field Listing
Europe
Area:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 48,845 sq km
land: 48,800 sq km
water: 45 sq km
Area - comparative:
Definition Field Listing
about twice the size of New Hampshire
Land boundaries:
Definition Field Listing
total: 1,524 km
border countries: Austria 91 km, Czech Republic 215 km, Hungary 677 km, Poland 444 km, Ukraine 97 km
Coastline:
Definition Field Listing
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
Definition Field Listing
none (landlocked)
Climate:
Definition Field Listing
temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
Terrain:
Definition Field Listing
rugged mountains in the central and northern part and lowlands in the south
Elevation extremes:
Definition Field Listing
lowest point: Bodrok River 94 m
highest point: Gerlachovsky Stit 2,655 m
Natural resources:
Definition Field Listing
brown coal and lignite; small amounts of iron ore, copper and manganese ore; salt; arable land
Land use:
Definition Field Listing
arable land: 29.23%
permanent crops: 2.67%
other: 68.1% (2005)
Irrigated land:
Definition Field Listing
1,830 sq km (2003)
Natural hazards:
Definition Field Listing
NA
Environment - current issues:
Definition Field Listing
air pollution from metallurgical plants presents human health risks; acid rain damaging forests
Environment - international agreements:
Definition Field Listing
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
Definition Field Listing
landlocked; most of the country is rugged and mountainous; the Tatra Mountains in the north are interspersed with many scenic lakes and valleys
   People    Slovakia Top of Page
Population:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
5,439,448 (July 2006 est.)
Age structure:
Definition Field Listing
0-14 years: 16.7% (male 465,304/female 443,967)
15-64 years: 71.3% (male 1,929,448/female 1,947,735)
65 years and over: 12% (male 244,609/female 408,385) (2006 est.)
Median age:
Definition Field Listing
total: 35.8 years
male: 34.2 years
female: 37.6 years (2006 est.)
Population growth rate:
Definition Field Listing
0.15% (2006 est.)
Birth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
10.65 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Death rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
9.45 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Net migration rate:
Definition Field Listing
0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Sex ratio:
Definition Field Listing
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.6 male(s)/female
total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 7.26 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.48 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total population: 74.73 years
male: 70.76 years
female: 78.89 years (2006 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.33 children born/woman (2006 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
less than 200 (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
less than 100 (2001 est.)
Nationality:
Definition Field Listing
noun: Slovak(s)
adjective: Slovak
Ethnic groups:
Definition Field Listing
Slovak 85.8%, Hungarian 9.7%, Roma 1.7%, Ruthenian/Ukrainian 1%, other and unspecified 1.8% (2001 census)
Religions:
Definition Field Listing
Roman Catholic 68.9%, Protestant 10.8%, Greek Catholic 4.1%, other or unspecified 3.2%, none 13% (2001 census)
Languages:
Definition Field Listing
Slovak (official) 83.9%, Hungarian 10.7%, Roma 1.8%, Ukrainian 1%, other or unspecified 2.6% (2001 census)
Literacy:
Definition Field Listing
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.6%
male: 99.7%
female: 99.6% (2001 est.)
   Government    Slovakia Top of Page
Country name:
Definition Field Listing
conventional long form: Slovak Republic
conventional short form: Slovakia
local long form: Slovenska Republika
local short form: Slovensko
Government type:
Definition Field Listing
parliamentary democracy
Capital:
Definition Field Listing
name: Bratislava
geographic coordinates: 48 09 N, 17 07 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Administrative divisions:
Definition Field Listing
8 regions (kraje, singular - kraj); Banskobystricky, Bratislavsky, Kosicky, Nitriansky, Presovsky, Trenciansky, Trnavsky, Zilinsky
Independence:
Definition Field Listing
1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)
National holiday:
Definition Field Listing
Constitution Day, 1 September (1992)
Constitution:
Definition Field Listing
ratified 1 September 1992, effective 1 January 1993; changed in September 1998 to allow direct election of the president; amended February 2001 to allow Slovakia to apply for NATO and EU membership
Legal system:
Definition Field Listing
civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; legal code modified to comply with the obligations of Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal theory
Suffrage:
Definition Field Listing
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Definition Field Listing
chief of state: President Ivan GASPAROVIC (since 15 June 2004)
head of government: Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 4 July 2006); Deputy Prime Ministers Ivan MIKLOS and Pal CSAKY (since 30 October 1998); Deputy Prime Ministers Daniel LIPSIC and Jirko MALCHAREK (since October 2005)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
elections: president elected by direct, popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 3 April and 17 April 2004 (next to be held April 2009); following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president
election results: Ivan GASPAROVIC elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Ivan GASPAROVIC 59.9%, Vladimir MECIAR 40.1%
note: government coalition - SDKU, SMK, KDH
Legislative branch:
Definition Field Listing
unicameral National Council of the Slovak Republic or Narodna Rada Slovenskej Republiky (150 seats; members are elected on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 17 June 2006 (next to be held 2010)
election results: percent of vote by party - Smer 29.1%, SDKU 18.4%, SNS 11.7%, SMK 11.7%, LS-HZDS 8.8%, KDH 8.3%; seats by party - Smer 50, SDKU 31, SNS 20, SMK 20, LS-HZDS 15, KDH 14
Judicial branch:
Definition Field Listing
Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Council); Constitutional Court (judges appointed by president from group of nominees approved by the National Council); Special Court (judges elected by a council of judges and appointed by president)
Political parties and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
Christian Democratic Movement or KDH [Pavol HRUSOVSKY]; Direction-Social Democracy (Smer-SD) [Robert FICO]; Free Forum [Zuzana MARTINAKOVA]; Movement for Democracy or HZD [Jozef GRAPA]; People's Party - Movement for a Democratic Slovakia or LS-HZDS [Vladimir MECIAR]; New Citizens Alliance or ANO [Pavol RUSKO]; Party of the Hungarian Coalition or SMK [Bela BUGAR]; People's Union or LU [Gustav KRAJCI]; Slovak Communist Party or KSS [Jozef SEVC]; Slovak Democratic and Christian Union or SDKU [Mikulas DZURINDA]; Slovak National Party or SNS [Jan SLOTA]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
Association of Employers of Slovakia; Association of Towns and Villages or ZMOS; Confederation of Trade Unions or KOZ; Metal Workers Unions or KOVO and METALURG
International organization participation:
Definition Field Listing
ACCT (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EU (new member), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (associate partner), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Definition Field Listing
chief of mission: Ambassador Rastislav KACER
chancery: 3523 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 237-1054
FAX: [1] (202) 237-6438
consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Definition Field Listing
chief of mission: Ambassador Rodolphe "Skip" M. VALLEE
embassy: Hviezdoslavovo Namestie 4, 81102 Bratislava
mailing address: P.O. Box 309, 814 99 Bratislava
telephone: [421] (2) 5443-3338
FAX: [421] (2) 5443-0096
Flag description:
Definition Field Listing
three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red superimposed with the coat of arms of Slovakia (consisting of a red shield bordered in white and bearing a white Cross of Lorraine surmounting three blue hills); the coat of arms is centered vertically and offset slightly to the hoist side
   Economy    Slovakia Top of Page
Economy - overview:
Definition Field Listing
Slovakia has mastered much of the difficult transition from a centrally planned economy to a modern market economy. The DZURINDA government made excellent progress during 2001-04 in macroeconomic stabilization and structural reform. Major privatizations are nearly complete, the banking sector is almost completely in foreign hands, and the government has helped facilitate a foreign investment boom with business-friendly policies, such as labor market liberalization and a 19% flat tax. Foreign investment in the automotive sector has been strong. Slovakia's economic growth exceeded expectations in 2001-05, despite the general European slowdown. Unemployment, at an unacceptable 15% in 2003-04, dropped to 11.4% in 2005, but remains the economy's Achilles heel. Slovakia joined the EU on 1 May 2004.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$87.32 billion (2005 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate):
Definition Field Listing
$43.07 billion (2005 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
5.5% (2005 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$16,100 (2005 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
Definition Field Listing
agriculture: 3.5%
industry: 29.4%
services: 67.2% (2005 est.)
Labor force:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
2.24 million (30 September 2005 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
Definition Field Listing
agriculture 5.8%, industry 29.3%, construction 9%, services 55.9% (2003)
Unemployment rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
11.7% (2005 est.)
Population below poverty line:
Definition Field Listing
NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Definition Field Listing
lowest 10%: 5.1%
highest 10%: 18.2% (1992)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Definition Field Listing
25.8 (1996)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
2.7% (2005 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
26% of GDP (2005 est.)
Budget:
Definition Field Listing
revenues: $22.7 billion
expenditures: $23.2 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2005 est.)
Public debt:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
36.9% of GDP (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products:
Definition Field Listing
grains, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, cattle, poultry; forest products
Industries:
Definition Field Listing
metal and metal products; food and beverages; electricity, gas, coke, oil, nuclear fuel; chemicals and manmade fibers; machinery; paper and printing; earthenware and ceramics; transport vehicles; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products
Industrial production growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
3.7% (2005 est.)
Electricity - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
30.57 billion kWh (2004)
Electricity - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
24.8 billion kWh (2004)
Electricity - exports:
Definition Field Listing
10.59 billion kWh (2004)
Electricity - imports:
Definition Field Listing
8.731 billion kWh (2004)
Oil - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
3,808 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Oil - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
71,400 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Oil - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA bbl/day
Oil - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA bbl/day
Oil - proved reserves:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
4.5 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Natural gas - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
165 million cu m (2004 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
6.72 billion cu m (2004 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1 million cu m (2004 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
6.949 billion cu m (2004 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
15.01 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Current account balance:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
-$4.066 billion (2005 est.)
Exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$32.39 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)
Exports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing
vehicles 25.9%, machinery and electrical equipment 21.3%, base metals 14.6%, chemicals and minerals 10.1%, plastics 5.4% (2004)
Exports - partners:
Definition Field Listing
Germany 26.2%, Czech Republic 14.1%, Austria 7.1%, Italy 6.7%, Poland 6.3%, Hungary 5.6% (2005)
Imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$34.48 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)
Imports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing
machinery and transport equipment 41.1%, intermediate manufactured goods 19.3%, fuels 12.3%, chemicals 9.8%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 10.2% (2003)
Imports - partners:
Definition Field Listing
Germany 25.3%, Czech Republic 19.4%, Russia 10.5%, Austria 6.2%, Poland 4.7%, Hungary 4.6%, Italy 4.5% (2005)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$14.97 billion (2005 est.)
Debt - external:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$26.94 billion (2005 est.)
Economic aid - recipient:
Definition Field Listing
$12.67 billion in available EU structural adjustment and cohesion funds (2007-13)
Currency (code):
Definition Field Listing
Slovak koruna (SKK)
Exchange rates:
Definition Field Listing
koruny per US dollar - 31.018 (2005), 32.257 (2004), 36.773 (2003), 45.327 (2002), 48.355 (2001)
Fiscal year:
Definition Field Listing
calendar year
   Communications    Slovakia Top of Page
Telephones - main lines in use:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1,250,400 (2004)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
4,275,200 (2004)
Telephone system:
Definition Field Listing
general assessment: a modernization and privatization program is increasing accessibility to telephone service, reducing the waiting time for new subscribers, and generally improving service quality
domestic: predominantly an analog system that is now receiving digital equipment and is being enlarged with fiber-optic cable, especially in the larger cities; mobile cellular capability has been added
international: country code - 421; three international exchanges (one in Bratislava and two in Banska Bystrica) are available; Slovakia is participating in several international telecommunications projects that will increase the availability of external services
Radio broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
AM 15, FM 78, shortwave 2 (1998)
Television broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
6 national broadcasting, 7 regional, 67 local (2004)
Internet country code:
Definition Field Listing
.sk
Internet hosts:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
135,991 (2005)
Internet users:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
2.276 million (2005)
   Transportation    Slovakia Top of Page
Airports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
36 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 18
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 8 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 18
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 9
under 914 m: 8 (2006)
Heliports:
Definition Field Listing
1 (2006)
Pipelines:
Definition Field Listing
gas 6,769 km; oil 449 km (2004)
Railways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 3,662 km
broad gauge: 100 km 1.520-m gauge
standard gauge: 3,512 km 1.435-m gauge (1,588 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 50 km (1.000-m or 0.750-m gauge) (2005)
Roadways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 42,993 km
paved: 37,533 km (including 316 km of expressways)
unpaved: 5,460 km (2003)
Waterways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
172 km (on Danube River) (2005)
Merchant marine:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 39 ships (1000 GRT or over) 204,146 GRT/287,586 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 5, cargo 33, chemical tanker 1
foreign-owned: 38 (Bulgaria 7, Estonia 1, Greece 5, Israel 6, Syria 2, Turkey 8, Ukraine 8, UK 1)
registered in other countries: 1 (Cyprus 1) (2005)
Ports and terminals:
Definition Field Listing
Bratislava, Komarno
   Military    Slovakia Top of Page
Military branches:
Definition Field Listing
Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic (Ozbrojene Sily Slovenskej Republiky): Land Forces (Pozemne Sily), Air Forces (Vzdusne Sily), Training and Support Forces (Vycviku a Podpory Sily) (2005)
Military service age and obligation:
Definition Field Listing
complete transition to an all-volunteer professional force went into effect at the beginning of 2006 after 140 years of mandatory army service; volunteers include women, with minimum age of 17 years (2005)
Manpower available for military service:
Definition Field Listing
males age 18-49: 1,351,848
females age 18-49: 1,322,647 (2005 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Definition Field Listing
males age 18-49: 1,089,645
females age 18-49: 1,093,077 (2005 est.)
Manpower reaching military service age annually:
Definition Field Listing
males age 18-49: 41,544
females age 18-49: 40,183 (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$406 million (2002)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.87% FY05 (2005)
   Transnational Issues    Slovakia Top of Page
Disputes - international:
Definition Field Listing
Hungary amended its status law extending special social and cultural benefits to ethnic Hungarians in Slovakia, to which Slovakia had protested; consultations continue between Slovakia and Hungary over Hungary's completion of its portion of the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros hydroelectric dam project along the Danube; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Slovakia must implement the strict Schengen border rules
Illicit drugs:
Definition Field Listing
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for regional market

This page was last updated on 19 September, 2006


Bottom Banner




Rambler's Top100